2013/09/20

科羅拉多國家保護區(Colorado National Monument)—2013.08.31

Independence Monument from Grand View Overlook 2
Independence Monument from Grand View Overlook



科羅拉多國家保護區 (Colorado National Monument,大部分中文網站譯為科羅拉多國家紀念碑)是科羅拉多州Grand Junction市附近的一個隸屬於國家公園範疇的一處保護區;該保護區靠近科羅拉多高原(Colorado Plateau)東北角,是落磯山脈和內華達州大盆地間的一處乾旱的半沙漠地區,保護區兩端入口分別在I-70號州際公路上的Fruita(西端入口)Grand Junction(東端入口)
科羅拉多國家保護區因為有奇特的自然景觀而於1911年成立,全區面積有20,533英畝(8,309 公頃)整個科羅拉多高原平均海拔超過5000(1,524公尺)。保護區內的地形是科羅拉多河沿岸的紅色岩石高原景觀,高原上經長期的侵蝕、風化,切割成很深的峽谷及一些脫離台地主體的孤立岩石。
第一個到現在的保護區內探測的是20世紀初期移居 Grand Junction 的一位名叫John Otto 者,在此之前當地附近居民都認為該區域人類是難以接近的;John Otto來此之後看到此地壯觀的景色時就決心要促使將此地區發展為國家公園。他說:

“I came here last year and found these canyons, and they felt like the heart of the world to me. I’m going to stay and promote this place because it should be a National Park”—John Otto, 1907

於是John Otto便留在該地開始在高原上修建步道,並且將之通到峽谷。John Otto的事蹟及區域內秀麗的風景終得當地報紙廣為宣傳並對國會議員進行遊說,企圖將該區成立為國家公園,此願迄今雖未能達成,但最少促成該地區1911524被確定為科羅拉多國家保護區(Colorado National Monument)John Otto被聘為第一個park ranger,每月薪水是美金一塊錢,他一待就是16年;16年間他一直住在公園裡的帳篷裡持續不間斷的修建和維護步道,現在保護區內近40哩的登山健行步道 大部分是當年John Otto親手闢建。
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我們參觀該保護區是在中午約一點半左右從靠近Fruita West Entrance進入,一路順著保護區內唯一道路Rim Rock Drive往南行駛,最後由靠近Grand Junction East Entrance離開保護區,走走停停共用去五個小時的時間,以下就按照Rim Rock Drive由北到南我們停留的景點(ViewOverlook)作一簡單的介紹。
West (Fruita) Entrance
保護區西端入口,海拔4,690(1,430公尺)
Colorado National Monument 西入口 4
Colorado National Monument 西入口
Rim Rock Drive
Colorado National Monument內的 Rim Rock Drive建於1930年代,是美國境內最壯觀的道路​​之一,Colorado National Monument西北角West (Fruita) Entrance進入,一路沿著保護區的西側在高原上峽谷邊緣行駛,再由保護區東南角的East(Grand Junction) Entrance出來(也可以以相反方向行駛,該公路大部分是雙線道),全線共23(36.8公里)Rim Rock Drive蜿蜒彎曲的道路沿著Monument Canyon的邊緣開闢,沿途有19個觀景點(overlook)14條登山步道(trail),當你開車或騎單車馳騁在在此公路上時,沿途紅石的峽谷、蔚藍的天空、翠綠的杜松(Juniper),難以想像的美景一一呈現在眼前。然而,道路是具有挑戰性的,道路狹窄,有些路段坡陡急彎,一邊是垂直峭壁、另一邊則是萬丈斷崖,膽小者開起車來還是膽顫心驚。
Rim Rock Drive 1
Rim Rock Drive 2
Hiking Trail(登山健行步道)
保護區內提供許多步道供遊客登山健行,從最短的0.25哩到最長的14哩步道,許多登山口(Trailhead)就在保護區內的 Rim Rock Drive路旁,遊客可事先規劃好自己的旅遊時間而選定幾條步道走走,此次我們共走了Canyon Rim Trail(單程0.5 )Windows Rock Trail(單程0.25 )Otto’s Trail(單程0.5 )三條步道。
Redlands View
Redlands View 1
Taken from Redlands View 5
Taken from Redlands View 2
Taken from Redlands View 
Balanced Rock View
平衡石矗立在道路急轉彎處左上方山頭上。
Balanced Rock 2
Balanced Rock 1
Balanced Rock 3
Tunnel on Rim Rock Drive ,Colorado National Monument 2
Tunnel on Rim Rock Drive ,Colorado National Monument 
Historic Trail
Taken from Historic Trail 4
Taken from Historic Trail 3
Taken from Historic Trail 5
Taken from Historic Trail 9
Taken from Historic Trail 
Distant View
由此景點可俯瞰平衡石及峭壁下蜿蜒的Rim Rock Drive
Distant View 2
Distant View
Overlooks Balanced Rock from Distant View
Fruita Canyon View
俯視岩壁中的峽谷地
Overlooks Rim Rock Drive from Distant View 3

Overlooks Rim Rock Drive from Fruita Canyon View 2
Visitor Center 
Visitor Center 2
Visitor center
Canyon Rim Trail
此步道起點在遊客中心(Saddlehorn Visitor Center),沿著峽谷邊緣往東北方向走終點是在Book Cliff View,全長單程約0.5哩,沿途除了俯瞰一落千丈的峽谷外,更可遠眺Praying Hands Independence MonumentKissing Couple等許多佇立在Monument Canyon中的奇岩巨石
Taken from Canyon Rim Trail 18
Looking down into the canyon from Canyon Rim Trail 1
Taken from Canyon Rim Trail 13
Taken from Canyon Rim Trail 
Wedding Canyon from Canyon Rim Trail 5
Wedding Canyon from Canyon Rim Trail 
Wedding Canyon from Canyon Rim Trail 7
Wedding Canyon from Canyon Rim Trail 
Juniper at Canyon Rim Trail 1
Juniper at Canyon Rim Trail 4
Juniper at Canyon Rim Trail 
Book Cliffs View
The Book Cliffs View 提供給將結婚的新人一處甜蜜溫馨的舉辦婚禮的場地,該景點有一座Book Cliffs Shelter,面對的是John Otto所稱的世界的心臟”( the heart of the world)的壯觀峽谷,此峽谷現在都賦以一個羅曼蒂克的名稱--Wedding Canyon,因為John Otto就在峽谷內結婚的,雖然該婚姻僅維持數個禮拜;
Book Cliffs Shelter
Book Cliffs Shelter
峽谷內Kissing CoupleIndependence MonumentPipe Organ等保護區內有名巨岩在此一覽無遺,我們健行到此地時正好有人在佈置場地,待會兒將有一對新人在此舉辦婚禮。
Wedding Canyon from Canyon Rim Trail 2
Wedding Canyon from Book Cliffs Shelter 
Window Rock Trail
Book Cliffs View繼續往東北行0.25哩即可到達一處景點-- Window Rock,石壁上有個兩頭透空的洞,這一條短短的步道就是Window Rock Trail
Kissing Couple From Window Rock Trail
Kissing Couple From Window Rock Trail
Window Rock 1
Window Rock
Wedding Canyon from Window Rock Trail 1
Wedding Canyon From Window Rock TrailWedding Canyon From Window Rock Trail
Jumiper at Window Rock Trail 2
Jumiper at Window Rock Trail 4
Jumiper at Window Rock Trail
Otto's Trail
Otto's Trail是條單程1/4哩的簡單步道,它是為了John Otto而命名,Otto's Trail底端的解說牌上說明:John Otto1911年和Beatrice Farmham在靠近獨立紀念碑(Independence Monument)底部結婚,但此婚姻僅維持數星期,據傳聞John Otto堅持住在帳篷裡以接近他鍾愛的野生動物是導致離婚的因素之一。
解說牌上也有一段Otto攀登獨立紀念碑(Independence Monument)的壯舉作了說明:
“John Otto191174攀爬上450(137公尺)高的獨立紀念碑(Independence Monument),並在上頭插上美國國旗,他的攀登路線是循著自然的小徑和斷崖岩石的狹窄裂縫攀登,他也在一些地方鑽孔,並插入管子以幫助攀登,目前這些管子因安全考量已予以拆除,但“Otto’s Route”迄今仍為部份攀岩者使用。
“Otto’s Route” (Independence Monument)
“Otto’s Route” (Independence Monument)
Otto在獨立紀念日攀登Independence Monument的壯舉今日已變成一個傳統,每年的國慶也就是獨立紀念日當地的攀岩者會循著當年John Otto攀岩的路線登頂Independence Monument,並在頂端升起一面美國國旗。
Sentinel Spire from Otto's Trail
Sentinel Spire from Otto's Trail
Taken from Otto's Trail
Taken from Otto's Trail
Independence Monument from Otto's Trail 4
Independence Monument from Otto's Trail
Otto's Trail 4
Otto's Trail 3
Otto's Trail 眺望遊客中心及Canyon Rim Trail
Otto's Trail 眺望Canyon Rim Trail
Otto's Trail 眺望遊客中心及Canyon Rim Trail
Taken from Otto's Trail Trail
Juniper at Otto's Trail Trail 2
Juniper at Otto's Trail Trail 1
Juniper at Otto's Trail Trail


Independence Monument View
科羅拉多國家保護區內的Independence Monument 450 (137),最高點的海拔是 5,739 (1,749公尺)
Independence Monument from Independence Monument View 5
Independence Monument from Independence Monument View 
Independence Monument from Independence Monument View 4
Independence Monument from Independence Monument View 
Grand View
Monument Canyon紀念碑峽谷寬廣的視野,也可以看到Independence Monument地標。
Kissing Couple from Grand View Overlook 3
Kissing Couple from Grand View Overlook 
Independence Monument from Grand View Overlook 2
Independence Monument from Grand View Overlook

Kissing Couple from Grand View Overlook 4
Kissing Couple from Grand View Overlook 
Monument Canyon View
Monument Canyon View 3
Coke Ovens Overlook
俯視像焦爐的數個淺色巨岩山
Coke Ovens 4
Coke Ovens 5
Coke Ovens
Artists Point
Looking out from Artists Point 2
Looking out from Artists Point 
Looking out from Artists Point 1
Upper Ute Canyon View
View to the cliff from Upper Ute Canyon View 5
View to the cliff from Upper Ute Canyon View
Upper Ute Canyon View 5
Looking down Ute Canyon 2
Looking up Ute Canyon 1
Looking up Ute Canyon
Ute Canyon View
眺望槽狀峽谷
Looking down Ute Canyon from Ute Canyon View 3
Looking down Ute Canyon from Ute Canyon View 2
Red Canyon Overlook
Red Canyon Overlook 1
Red Canyon Overlook
Cold Shivers Point
Looking down into the canyon from Cold Shivers Point 6

Looking down into the canyon from Cold Shivers Point 4
Looking down into the canyon from Cold Shivers Point 5
逛完Cold Shivers Point 已經六點多,今天晚上要趕到Montrose,明天去遊覽Telluride,怕時間太晚所以最後一處景點Devils Kitchen Picnic Area就沒進去了,直接由東端出口離開保護區,驅車南下Montrose

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