
Petrified Forest (石化森林) National Park
Petrified Forest National Park(石化森林國家公園)我曾於2009年去過一次,此趟前往除了舊地重遊外,順便把上次沒走的步道和景點一一走完,但限於時間當然也捨去一些已走過的步道和景點,此篇遊記是綜合兩次旅遊將此公園作一完整的介紹,所以有些照片是六年前所拍,還好景觀無太大變化。
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Petrified Forest National Park(石化森林國家公園)位於美國亞歷桑那州(Arizona)偏東北兩個小城Holbrook 和 Navajo之間的40號州際道路(I-40)南北兩側,總面積218,533英畝(約885平方公里)。Petrified Forest (石化森林)在1906年12月8日被劃為國家保護區(National Monument),而彩繪沙漠(The Painted Desert)區則在稍後幾年才併入。1962年12月9日整個區域成立為國家公園。
這裏是世界上最大、最絢麗的化石林集中地。數以千計的樹幹化石倒臥在地面上,直徑平均在1公尺左右(最大一棵近三公尺),長度在15~25公尺之間,最長達40公尺。在完整的樹幹化石周圍,還有許多破碎零散的化石木塊。這些石化的樹木年輪清晰、紋理明顯,宛如碧玉瑪瑙般,在陽光之下熠熠發光,使人眼花繚亂,歎為觀止。
據公園的介紹 ,大約在二億二千萬年前三疊紀的後期,此地是一片沼澤地,許多巨樹沉入沼澤厚厚的淤泥中。經過千萬年的時光,水中的二氧化矽等化學物質,慢慢地將樹幹轉變為石英質的木化石;再經過千萬年的地殼變動,沖積風化,這些木化石終於露出了地面。

Petrified Forest National Park map
公園包括一個南北走廊連接的二個大區域:北區(I-40以北)被稱為彩繪沙漠(Painted Desert)區,在本區有各種顏色的遼闊荒野景觀。主要觀景點有Tiponi Point、Tawa Point、Painted Desert Inn、Kachina Point、Chinde Point、Pintado Point、Nizhoni Point、Whipple Point、Lacey Point和Route 66幾處。
Tiponi Point


Painted Desert Panorama From Tiponi point





Painted Desert From Tiponi point


Painted Desert Panorama From Tawa point

這條步道連接下個觀景點Kachina point,全長0.5哩,沿著台地邊緣行走,全程俯瞰the Painted Desert,步道無多大起伏,十幾分鐘可走完全程,輕鬆好走。

Painted Desert Inn Museum(彩色沙漠旅館博物館)


Painted Desert Lnn, Petrified Forest National Park
Kachina Point

Painted Desert Panorama From Kachina Point





Painted Desert From Kachina Point
Chinde Point


Painted Desert From Chinde Point


Pintado Point, Petrified Forest National Park

Painted Desert Panorama From Pintado Point

Pilot Rock from Pintado Point, Petrified Forest National Park



Painted Desert From Nizhoni Point


Painted Desert Panorama From Whipple Point



Lacey Point

Painted Desert Panorama From Lacey Point

Route 66
Route 66 遺址有放一台老車的殘骸,我們沒停留下來參觀。

參觀完公園北區的彩繪沙漠(Painted Desert)後,沿園區的景觀道路南下,經過I-40上方的高架橋後即進入公園的南區。公園南區包括五顏六色的地形和幾處木石化的集中地。幾處美洲印第安人刻在岩石上的文字站點在南區也被找到。南區主要站點有有Puerco Pueblo、Newspaper Rock、The Tepees、Blue Mesa、Agate Bridge、Jasper Forest、Crystal Forest、Rainbow Forest Museum、Glant Logs、Long Logs和Agate House等景區。
Puerco Pueblo
此點有一條0.3哩的步道,參觀Puerco Pueblo遺址。
Puerco Pueblo 是由Pueblo族人祖先建立,Puerco Pueblo像沉默的證人,是西元1400年前人類在這裡生活的證據。

Puerco Pueblo

Kiva(Puerco Pueblo)

Gallery of the Past(Puerco Pueblo)

Lizard in the park

Desert Cottontail
Newspaper Rock--岩石上的符號是一部早期住民的文化史,就如同其他所有有印地安人足跡的地方,上面記載了過去現在或未來的事情,有雕刻的石頭離我們很近,肉眼就可看到。


Newspaper Rock, Petrified Forest National Park



景點附近都是這種圓圓的小土丘,有著不同的色彩。



Colors in The Tepees Area, Petrified Forest National Park
Blue Mesa
有一條一哩長的環行步道由台地下到荒蕪的谷地,在沉積層中就近參觀許多植物和動物的化石。




Blue Mesa Trail, Petrified Forest National Park


Blue Mesa Trail, Petrified Forest National Park
Agate Bridge(瑪瑙橋)
A



Agate Bridge, Petrified Forest National Park
Jasper Forest




Crystal Forest




Petrified wood exposed along the Crystal Forest Loop Trail at Petrified Forest
Rainbow Forest Museum
博物館裡展示分佈於全美各州的木化石標本,還有兩塊經打磨拋光處理的展示品,值得進去參觀。

Rainbow Forest Museum

位在Rainbow Forest Museum後方,有一條0.4哩(0.6 公里)的環行步道,此步道的特色是有著此公園裡最巨大、顏色最鮮艷的木化石,其中有一棵2億2千5百萬年前的稱之為“Old Faithful”的全株木化石,直徑達9.5呎(2.9公尺)。



Giant Logs Trail, Petrified Forest National Park

“Old Faithful” at Giant Logs Trail, Petrified Forest National Park



Agate House Trail, Petrified Forest National Park
Agate House




Agate House Trail, Petrified Forest National Park
Agate House



Agate House
Long Logs Trail








Long Logs Trail, Petrified Forest National Park
一般遊客參觀完南區後可以開車沿原路北上,由I-40州際公路離開,也可以選擇在南門不遠處的180公路離開園區。我們選擇後者西北行,經過小城Holbrook直奔下一旅遊景點—觀光小鎮Sedona。
沒有留言:
張貼留言