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Saguaros National Park
此趟旅遊的第四天我們參觀了亞利桑那州土桑(Tucson)的仙人掌國家公園(Saguaro National Park)。
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仙人掌國家公園(Saguaro National Park)
仙人掌國家公園(Saguaro National Park)也有翻譯為巨人柱國家公園,是一座位在美國亞利桑那(Arizona)州土桑(Tucson)附近的國家公園,此國家公園分為兩區,分別為位於土桑市(Tucson)西邊24公里的土桑山區(Tucson Mountains District),以及位於土桑市(Tucson)東邊32公里的凌康山區(Rincon Mountains District)。
巨柱仙人掌國家公園在1933年3月1日被規劃為國家紀念區(National Monument),之後並在1994年10月14日由美國國會升等為國家公園(National Park),這個國家公園保護了索諾蘭沙漠(Sonoran Desert)的一部分。
仙人掌國家公園的命名來自於索諾蘭沙漠(Sonoran Desert)的代表性植物,巨柱仙人掌(Saguaro),這種仙人掌可以長到超過20公尺的高度,但是它的生長過程非常緩慢,多半要75年才會長第一個分叉。巨柱仙人掌的壽命約200年,通常在四月或五月的夜晚集體開花,並藉由蝙蝠來傳播花粉。
國家公園內主要的景觀是滿山滿谷的各式沙漠植物,包括眾多仙人掌在內;此外,國家公園內也有許多早期印地安人留下的岩刻。東邊的凌康山區(Rincon Mountains)面積大約是西區的三倍大,但東區的仙人掌長得較不密集,而區內的植物種類也會隨著海拔的增加逐漸地由仙人掌轉換為針葉林。 東西兩區都可以由土桑(Tucson)驅車輕易到達,但是並沒有大眾運輸工具載遊客到達國家公園。
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早上七點鐘由位在Tucson 市郊South Tucson Boulevard的Country Inn & Suites 出發,沿N. Kinney Roadd9開往仙人掌國家公園的西區,途中經過一處名為Old Tucsong的據點,Old Tucsong據他人遊記記載是個老片場,要購票進場,裡頭場景是以西南部落、牛仔、騎士、荒野大鏢客的型態呈現,是喜歡懷舊的遊客到此找到原始風味的地方,我們並沒有進去,雖然年輕的年代蠻陶醉在那電影情節之中。
Saguaro是一種樹狀巨柱仙人掌,車上和孩子研究該如何發音,有了第一天Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument中Kasha-Katuwe 衍伸為“卡俗(較便宜)”“卡槌(較笨)”的經驗後,我就說就叫它為“傻瓜樂”了,一路上我們就傻瓜到底,回家後上網一查才知Saguaro一詞源自西班牙語,該國家公園官方網站提到根據西班牙語正確發音為““sah-wah-roh”,但我們還是較喜歡“傻瓜樂”!
一路行來沿途山丘到處是Saguaro的仙人掌,滿山遍野,玩笑的跟孩子們說:“好了,看過了,回家吧!”不過說真的,你若僅僅想看什麼是Saguaro,園外所看得就夠多了。
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Saguaros growing on an off-trail mountians
進公園之前路左有一處“Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum”,若有時間值得一看,門票約20元左右。
我們約八點抵達Red Hill Visitor Center;
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Red Hill Visitor Center
該國家公園西區部分並無入口管制哨,遊客要自行到遊客中心購票,但要九點才開門,反正我們持有國家公園的Annual Pass,上個洗手間後就沿Bajada Loop Drive邊開車邊觀賞;一路上我們選了三條較短的步道下去走走,就近觀賞這巨大的仙人掌。
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Tucson Mountains District (West)
Desert Discovery Nature Trail
這是一條總長0.5哩的環行步道,約20分鐘就走完全程。
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Desert Discovery Nature Trail
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Saguaros growing along the Desert Discovery Nature Trail
原先以為仙人掌內部都是肉質部分,看到這棵枯掉的Saguaro才知道原來它的內部構造蠻像樹幹的,莖的內部是一圈密實的木質圓柱,如同人類的身體骨架,外面是厚而多汁的皮層,當它由於無法抵禦病蟲的侵害、老邁、或被自然的力量摧毀時,表皮就會脫落,逐漸被沙漠所吞噬;但所露出裡面堅硬的支撐骨架卻依然矗立在沙漠中。
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Dry Saguaro
公園裡就有用這些就地取材的木質骨架來當涼亭的建材呢!
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在Hugh Norris Trailhead看到這顆“女王頭”矗立在對面山頭半山腰的稜線上。
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Special rock on the slope
Valley View Overlook Trail
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Saguaros growing along the Valley View Overlook Trail
這是一條原路來回的步道,全程來回約0.8哩,有微幅爬升,約100呎(30公尺),步道盡頭是一高點觀景點,來回約45分鐘,在這步道上貝貝差點踩到一條響尾蛇,嚇得哇哇大叫,我看那條響尾蛇也被貝貝的尖叫聲嚇破膽了;沙漠地區響尾蛇、毒蠍聽說蠻多的,還是小心為妙!
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Saguaros growing along the Valley View Overlook Trail
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The Valley View Overlook
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Overlooking down the valley from the Valley View Overlook
Signal Hill Trail
這也是一條原路來回的步道,全程來回約0.5哩(0.8公里),爬升約50呎(15公尺),步道盡頭是一處高點,有早期住民的岩刻,來回約30分鐘。
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ocotillo on the Signal Hill TRail
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Cactus on the Signal Hill Trail
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Signal Hill
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Signal Hill Petroglyphs, Saguaro National Park (West)
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Rider on the trail
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Rincon Mountains District (East)
我們大約花了三個多小時在西區,逛完西區後驅車前往東區。
從西區到東區的Rincon Mountain Visitor Center約32哩,開車約一小時。
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Rincon Mountain District, Saguaro National Park
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Rincon Visitor Center
西區主要是一條鋪設路面的環形車道Cactus Forest Loop Drive,全長8哩(12.8公里),我們開車沿著道路邊開邊停,花了70分鐘繞一圈,於下午一點四十分離開公園,開車前往今晚住宿地新墨西哥州的Las Cruces,中途順道走走亞利桑那的Chiricahua National Monument。
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好大的水果拼盤
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Saguaros growing on the Rincon Mountain District
這兩棵倒有點神似~~
前者是司馬庫斯的大老爺神木,樹高約35公尺,樹齡約2500年;
後者是Arizona州仙人掌國家公園的Saguaro,高約十幾公尺,文獻記載該仙人掌可存活一、兩百年~~
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大老爺神木,司馬庫斯
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Saguaros growing on the Rincon Mountain District
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